What is the most common virus causing diarrhea in infants and children?

Rotavirus is recognized as the most common viral cause of severe diarrhea in infants and children worldwide. It is highly contagious and often spreads through the fecal-oral route, making it particularly problematic in settings with inadequate sanitation. Rotavirus infection can lead to severe gastroenteritis, characterized by watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain, which can result in dehydration and require medical attention.

The significance of Rotavirus in pediatrics is underscored by the introduction of vaccines designed to prevent it, thereby reducing hospitalizations and healthcare costs associated with severe diarrhea. The widespread implementation of these vaccines has led to a notable decline in hospital admissions related to rotavirus infections in children.

In comparison, while Salmonella, Shigella, and certain strains of E. coli can cause diarrhea, they are less commonly responsible for outbreaks compared to rotavirus in the pediatric population. Salmonella and Shigella are bacterial pathogens primarily associated with foodborne illnesses, and E. coli, particularly the pathogenic strains, can also result in gastrointestinal symptoms, but these occurrences are less frequent in young children compared to rotavirus infections.