Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of which medical conditions?

Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) are at an increased risk of several medical conditions, notably heart disease and endometrial cancer. This association arises from the hormonal imbalances that characterize PCOS, which often include insulin resistance and elevated levels of androgens.

Insulin resistance is a core feature of PCOS and contributes significantly to metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that increase the risk of heart disease. Women with PCOS are more likely to experience obesity, high blood pressure, high triglycerides, and abnormal cholesterol levels, all of which are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

Additionally, the hormonal disturbances in PCOS can lead to an overgrowth of the endometrial lining due to unopposed estrogen production. This condition, known as endometrial hyperplasia, can increase the risk of developing endometrial cancer if left unchecked. Regular monitoring and management of the menstrual cycles and overall reproductive health in women with PCOS are essential to mitigate these risks.

In contrast, the other medical conditions mentioned do not have the same strong correlation with PCOS. Uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, and premature menopause may occur in women with PCOS but are not considered direct risks associated with the syndrome itself.